Roman Provincial, Gordian III and Abgar X Phraates, Æ23

238-244 AD, Edessa mint

Roman Provincial, Gordian III and Abgar X Phraates, Æ23
Roman Provincial, Gordian III and Abgar X Phraates, Æ23
75.00 VAT margin scheme
Article code25-4006
Obverse: Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Gordian III right; star to right.
Reverse: Crowned and draped bust of Abgar right; star to left.

Diameter: ± 23 mm
Weight: ± 8,46 g
Reference: BMC 144.
VF, bold portraits


Gordian III was a Roman Emperor who ascended to the throne at a young age, around 13 or 14, following the death of his grandfather, Gordian II, and the political turmoil of the time. His reign was marked by efforts to stabilize the Roman Empire and military campaigns, especially against the Sassanid Empire in the East. Abgar X was a king of Osroene, a client state of the Roman Empire and often served as a buffer zone. Abgar X was known for his diplomatic relations with Rome, and his reign was characterized by a degree of autonomy and local leadership, a ruler who maintained a friendly relationship with Rome.
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Gordian III: grandson of Gordian I and Roman Emperor from 238-244 AD. He was the proclaimed Emperor at 14 years old, and the last one to succeed during the 'Year of the Six Emperors'.
This was the start of the Crisis of the Third Century when the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the pressures of foreign invasions, civil wars, rebellions and political instability.
In 241, Gordian was married to Furia Sabinia Tranquillina, daughter of the prefect of the Praetorian Guard.

In 241 AD, for the last time in Roman history, Gordian III opened the doors of the Temple of Janus for his war with Shapur I. The Gates of Janus were closed in times of peace and opened in times of war.

After the untimely death of his father-in-law, the new commander of the Roman forces was Marcus Julius Philippus. He used his position to foment mutiny and undermine Gordian's power. In the spring of 244, Gordian was murdered by the troops and succeeded by Philip as Philip I the Arab.

Abgar X Phraates, ruler of the small Kingdom of Osrhoene, centered on Edessa in Northern Mesopotamia. He belonged to the long-lived Abgarid Dynasty, a local royal house that ruled the region between the Roman and Parthian (later Sasanian) spheres of influence.
While Gordian III and Abgar X did not rule jointly in a formal co-regency, their respective domains were interconnected through diplomatic, military, and cultural ties. Abgar X's leadership exemplifies the local dynasties' role within the broader context of the Roman Empire during the 3rd century, especially under the reign of a young Emperor like Gordian III.

Features and Specifications

Period Ancient, Roman
Category Coins
Material AE (copper/bronze)
Country Roman Provincial