Roman Empire, Valerian I (253-260 AD), AR Antoninianus

Valerian: Roman Emperor from 253 to spring 260 AD. During his reign, the Roman Empire was assaulted from multiple fronts, including the Goths, the Franks, the Scythians, and the Persians. Valerian appointed his son Gallienus as co-emperor, tasking him with addressing the German incursions along the Rhine. while Valerian himself started an ill-fated campaign in the east. His army faced a devastating plague that significantly weakened his forces. The campaign against the Persians took a tragic turn when he was captured by the Persian King Shapur I. This marked a significant moment in Roman history as he became the first Roman emperor to be taken captive in battle. Valerian died in captivity and was succeeded by his son Gallienus.

Emperor Valerian's reign was marked by a combination of military challenges, changing religious policies, and significant historical events. His capture and death while in captivity remain a notable and dramatic episode in the annals of Roman history.